After a few days in Jakarta, I went to Bandung. Bandung is a capital city of West Java. I took a bus to go there with some friends. It took 5 hours from Jakarta. The bus arrived at Pasteur, Bandung around 7 p.m. It was raining outside when I came into holiday inn. The inn was in the center of city. The highway was so crowded. The first night I went shopping to a clothing shop nearby. I bought 2 special t-shirts from Bandung. That was important to remember the time overthere next time. The next day I spent the whole day at Tangkuban Parahu. Tangkuban Parahu is name of a mountain. It's famous mountain through the legend of Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi. I enjoyed the scenery of Tangkuban Parahu crater. The crater was full of smoke. I looked very deep and dangerous. Unfortunetely, the rain disturbed the beautiful panorama. The bus took me to the center of town before the sun set. We came to Pasar Baru in the center of Bandung. Pasar Baru is name of market. It provided a lot of clothing and goods as special souvenirs. We left Bandung in the evening. We still planned to go to Jogjakarta before coming home to Jember.
Rabu, 03 Juli 2013
Jumat, 07 Juni 2013
direct and inderect spech
Ok,
first let me explain the meaning of the sentence and the sentence
directly and indirectly. We often have to give information about what
people say or think. In order to do this you can use direct or indirect
speech.
Direct Speech or Quoted speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called Direct Speech. Here what a person says appears with quotation marks ( “….” ) and should be words for word.
Ex : She said, “ Today’s lesson is on presentations.” → this sentences using quotation mark
Indirect Speech or Reported Speech
Indirect speech sometime called reported speech doesn’t use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
When reporting, speech the tenses usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past ( because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too.
Ex : Direct Speech : “ I’m going to the cinema”, he said.
Indirect Speech : He said that he was going to the cinema. → there is the addition of the word “THAT” in sentence.
The difference is only in the direct line there are quotation marks,while the indirect sentence there is no quotation marks.
TENSES CHANGES
As a rule when you report something, someone has said you go back a tense (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right).
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
1. PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE
She said, “It is cold.” ↔ She said it was cold.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS
She said, “I am teaching English online.” ↔ She said she was teaching English
online.
3. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
She said, “I have been teaching English for ↔ She said she had been teaching English
seven years.” for seven years.
4. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
She said, “I have been on the web since 1999.”↔She said she had been on the web since
1999.
5. PAST SIMPLE PAST PERFECT
She said, “I thought online yesterday.” ↔ She said she had taught online
yesterday.
6. PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
She said, “I was teaching earlier.” ↔ She said she had been teaching earlier.
7. PAST PERFECT PAST PEFECT
She said, “The lesson had already started ↔ She said lesson had already started when
when he arrived.” he arrived. (NO CHANGE)
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
She said, “I would already been teaching for ↔She said I would already been teaching five minutes.
for five minutes. (NO CHANGE
MODAL
Modal verb forms also sometimes change.
DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
1. WILL WOULD
She said, “I will teach English online ↔ She said she would teach English
tomorrow. online tomorrow.
2. CAN COULD
She said, “I can teach English online.” ↔ She said she could teach English online.
3. MUST HAD TO
She said, “I must have a computer teach ↔ She said she had to have a computer English
online.” teach English online.
4. SHALL SHOULD
She said, “What shall we learn today?” ↔ She asked what we should learn
today.
5. MAY MIGHT
He told me, “You may leave us now” ↔ He told me that I might leave them
then.
NOTE : There is no change to could, would, should, might & ough to.
4. SHALL SHOULD
She said, “What shall we learn today?” ↔ She asked what we should learn
today.
5. MAY MIGHT
He told me, “You may leave us now” ↔ He told me that I might leave them
then.
NOTE : There is no change to could, would, should, might & ough to.
TIME CHANGE
If the reported sentences contains an expression of time, you must change it to fit in with the time of reporting.
For example we need to change words like here and yesterday if they have different meanings at the time and place of reporting.
Expression of time if reported on a different day
· This ↔ That
· Today ↔ Yesterday
· These ↔ Those
· Now ↔ Then
· A week ago ↔ A week before
· Last weekend ↔ The weekend before last/
The previous weekend
· Here ↔ There
· Next week ↔ The following week
· Tomorrow ↔ The next
noun clause
Noun Clause
Definition:
A Noun-Clause is a group of words which contains a Subject and a Predicate of its own and does the work of a noun.
Examples:
• I thought that it would be fine day.
• No one knows who
he is.
• I did not know what
he would do next.
• How the Budget got in is a mystery.
• Pay careful attention to what
I am going to say.
• I do not understand how
all it happened.
The Noun-Clauses can be replaced with Suitable. Nouns or with suitable Noun-Phrases.
• No one knows when
he will come. (Noun-Clauses)
• No one knows the time of his coming. (Noun-Phrases)
• I
heard that he had succeeded.
(Noun-Clauses)
• I heard of
his success. (Noun-Phrases)
• We will never know why he failed. (Noun-Clauses)
• We will never know the reason for his failure.
(Noun-Phrases)
•The law will punish whosoever is guilty. (Noun-Clause)
• The Law will punish the guilty. (Noun)
• The police want to know where he is living. (Noun-Clauses)
• The police want to
know his residence. (Noun)
Noun Clauses
Introduction
A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a
verb. Clauses can take the place of different parts of speech.
For instance, you are probably
familiar with adjective clauses.
The man, who looked sleepy, sat down.
Who looked sleepy is an adjective clause. It is taking the place of an adjective. An adjective is used to describe nouns and so do adjective clauses.
We could re-write the sentence with an adjective.
The sleepy man sat down.
Similarly, a noun clause can take the place of a noun. This lesson will explain noun clauses, give examples of noun clauses, and then provide several quizzes to practice forming noun clauses.
The man, who looked sleepy, sat down.
Who looked sleepy is an adjective clause. It is taking the place of an adjective. An adjective is used to describe nouns and so do adjective clauses.
We could re-write the sentence with an adjective.
The sleepy man sat down.
Similarly, a noun clause can take the place of a noun. This lesson will explain noun clauses, give examples of noun clauses, and then provide several quizzes to practice forming noun clauses.
Noun Clauses - Explanations & Examples
There are three basic types of noun clauses. These
types are 1) noun clauses that start with a question word (where, how, who,
when, why), 2) noun clauses that start with whether or if, and 3) noun clauses
that start with that.
1. Noun Clauses that Start with a Question
Noun clauses that start with a question are usually used to
answer a question. The following examples should better explain this.
- Where does Sarik live?
I don't know where Sarik lives.
"where Sarik lives" is a noun clause. We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know Sarik's address. The noun phrase, Sarik's address, replaces with the noun clause, where Sarik lives.
- What time is it?
I don't know what time it is.
"what time it is" is a noun clause. We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the time. In this case, the noun phrase, the time, replaces the noun clause, what time it is.
2. Noun Clauses that Start with Whether or If
Noun clauses that start with whether or if are used to
answer yes/no type questions. Whether and if are usually
interchangeable. The following examples should better explain this.
- Does Judy own a Honda?
I don't know if Judy owns a Honda.
"if Judy owns a Honda" is a noun clause. We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the answer. In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, if Judy owns a Honda.
- Will Sadine be at work on Friday?
I don't know whether Sadine will be at work on Friday.
"whether Sadine will be at work on Friday" is a noun clause. We could answer this question without a noun clause by saying the following.
I don't know the answer. In this case, the noun phrase, the answer, replaces the noun clause, whether Sadine will be at work on Friday.
3. Noun Clauses that Start with That.
Noun clauses that start with that are used to answer
questions in which person who is answering is thinking, giving an opinion, or
using a mental activity verb. The following examples should better
explain this.
- Is Dr. Elimelech a good instructor?
I think that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor.
"that Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor" is a noun clause. This noun clause could be omitted by saying the following.
I think so.
- Do you know the location of an ATM?
I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket.
"that there is an ATM in the supermarket" is a noun clause.
Most of the time, native speakers will drop the word
that. It is perfectably acceptable to say the following.
I think that Dr. Elimelech is a
good instructor.
OR I think Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor. I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket.
OR I believe there is an ATM in the supermarket.
Sumber : sl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/nounclauses/nounclause.htme
OR I think Dr. Elimelech is a good instructor. I believe that there is an ATM in the supermarket.
OR I believe there is an ATM in the supermarket.
Sumber : sl.lbcc.cc.ca.us/eesllessons/nounclauses/nounclause.htme
Minggu, 02 Juni 2013
tugas bahasa inggris 3
- I am slow to_______.
Answer : Make my opinion
Reasion : Menyatakan pandangan
2. I have to have this report finished________.
Answer : Until Friday
Reasion : Sampai jumat
3. We werw fortunate enough to visit the Grand Canyon. It has________.
Answer : Many beautiful landscapes
Reasion : Pemandangan
4. The car was parked directly___________ the diner.
Answer : Ahead of
Reasion : Di depan
5. The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people_______ skiing.
Answer : That enjoying
Reasion : Menikmati melakukan/menikmati bermain
6. It is already 3 o’clock. Can you_______ time to catch the bus ?
Answer : Have it in
Reasion : Dengan segera
7. I went to have my glasses _________.
Answer : Fitted
Reasion : Past Tense
8. Mary’s house is ________ the hair salon. Do you think you can find it ?
Answer : Near to
Reasion : Tidak jauh/dekat
9. The burning stick was very hot. He let ________ just in time.
Answer : Go alone it
Reasion : Past Tense
10. Do we have ________ money to last us the week ?
Answer : Plentiful
Reasion : Banyak berlimpah11.
11..John decided _________ golf on weekends.
Answer : To commence
Reasion : Memutuskan untuk memulai
12.It _________ to me whether we meet them or not
Answer : Makes not a difference
Reasion : Ada kata makes karena di depannya “it”
13. We were ________ after all the hard work.
Answer : Outworn
Reasion : Past Tense
14. We saw _________ wild animals while on vacation.
Answer : Quite many
Reasion : Reposition + In
15. They are late as usual. I don’t think we should _________ them.
Answer : Wait for
Reasion : Untuk menunggu
16.Are you _________ the competition ?
Answer : Going entering
Reasion : Past Tense
17. You had better ________ the tourist information office.
Answer : Inquiring at
Reasion : Simple Present
18. Ireland was part of the UK, ________?
Answer : Didn’t it
Reasion : Past Tense
19.They will be ________ this summer ?
Answer : Presents
Reasion :Reposition + In
20. Will they go ________ this summer ?
Answer : To swim
Reasion : Simple Present
21. The New York police were very anxious ________ about the crime.
Answer : Learn more
Reasion : Because it for Countable
22. Many excited women could ________ at the department store sale.
Answer : Be seen
Reasion : Present Future
23. The sink in the locker room tends to __________.
Answer : Overflow
Reasion : Past Tense
24. How long did the baseball game ________?
Answer : Endure
Reasion : Menentukan berapa lama
25. We must _________ the annual board meeting tomorrow.
Answer : Attend to
Reasion : Present future
- The subway station is _________ here.
Answer : Near to
Reasion : Simple Present
2. When we woke up, everywhere was _________ snow.
Answer : Covered by
Reasion : Menentukan kapan
3. Do earthquakes ________ often in North America ?
Answer : Break out
Reasion : Because it for countable
4. We had better _________ before it begins to rain.
Answer : Leaving
Reasion : Simple Present Tense for question
5. A large crowd _________ in front of the train station.
Answer : To gather
Reasion : Asking the feel of new condition
6. In winter, driving accidents occur quite _______ on the highways.
Answer : Many
Reasion : Past Tense
7. Would you like to _________ to the United States ?
Answer : Voyage
Reasion : Present Future
8. Most people at some stage have a feeling________.
Answer : Responsibility
Reasion : In Beded question
9. This stadium can hold _________.
Answer : A large audience
Reasion : Present Future
10. When the mountain forests ________, there can be large forest fires.
Answer : Becoming dry
Reasion : V+V1+adj come after subject
11. “What kind of work are you doing for that company?”
“I’m ________ as an administrator.”
Answer : Employed
Reasion : V+ being employed
12. “I don’t want to buy anything, do you?”
“Yes , I’d like to buy __________ “
Answer : Some pencils
Reasion : Put in positive sentences
13.We can _________ sports on Saturday if you’d like.
Answer : Has
Reasion : Comes after modal auxiliary
14.__________ the hotel rooms are reserved throughout peak season.
Answer : Almost of
Reasion : Identify amount of things
15. “ Where did you work before?”
“I worked only minutes ________ railroad track.”
Answer : From the
Reasion : Menentukan dimana
16. “I don’t think it will rain at all today, do you?”
“ No , I _________ so.”
Answer : Do think not
Reasion : Some kind of Indirect Speech
17. We have only another five minutes. I think we _________.
Answer : Be hurry
Reasion : Menentukan kami
18. Many fans showed up at the stadium. They were _______ the big game.
Answer : Anxious to see
Reasion : Menentukan berapa banyak
19. “Who did you meet at the community dinner dance?”
“ I met many ________ people.”
Answer : Celebration
Reation : Reposition In
20. “John isn’t sure that the meeting will be held tomorrow.”
“I met many ________ people.”
Answer : Am certainly
Reasion : Past Tense
21. My brother loves to watch baseball ; I ___________ basketball.
Answer : Preferring to watch
Reasion : Prefer+to V1
22. Many people are waiting for the news bulletin. It will ___________ soon.
Answer : Circulate around
Reasion : Simple Present
23. I think our guests will __________.
Answer : Shortly be here
Reasion : Come after will
24. Who ____________ when John is likely to turn up.
Answer : Do know
Reasion : Present future
25. The managers are ___________ a new work schedule now.
Answer : Arranging up
Reasion : Simple Present
tugas bahasa inggris 3
- I am slow to_______.
Answer : Make my opinion
Reasion : Menyatakan pandangan
2. I have to have this report finished________.
Answer : Until Friday
Reasion : Sampai jumat
3. We werw fortunate enough to visit the Grand Canyon. It has________.
Answer : Many beautiful landscapes
Reasion : Pemandangan
4. The car was parked directly___________ the diner.
Answer : Ahead of
Reasion : Di depan
5. The ski resorts are usually crowded. There are many people_______ skiing.
Answer : That enjoying
Reasion : Menikmati melakukan/menikmati bermain
6. It is already 3 o’clock. Can you_______ time to catch the bus ?
Answer : Have it in
Reasion : Dengan segera
7. I went to have my glasses _________.
Answer : Fitted
Reasion : Past Tense
8. Mary’s house is ________ the hair salon. Do you think you can find it ?
Answer : Near to
Reasion : Tidak jauh/dekat
9. The burning stick was very hot. He let ________ just in time.
Answer : Go alone it
Reasion : Past Tense
10. Do we have ________ money to last us the week ?
Answer : Plentiful
Reasion : Banyak berlimpah11.
11..John decided _________ golf on weekends.
Answer : To commence
Reasion : Memutuskan untuk memulai
12.It _________ to me whether we meet them or not
Answer : Makes not a difference
Reasion : Ada kata makes karena di depannya “it”
13. We were ________ after all the hard work.
Answer : Outworn
Reasion : Past Tense
14. We saw _________ wild animals while on vacation.
Answer : Quite many
Reasion : Reposition + In
15. They are late as usual. I don’t think we should _________ them.
Answer : Wait for
Reasion : Untuk menunggu
16.Are you _________ the competition ?
Answer : Going entering
Reasion : Past Tense
17. You had better ________ the tourist information office.
Answer : Inquiring at
Reasion : Simple Present
18. Ireland was part of the UK, ________?
Answer : Didn’t it
Reasion : Past Tense
19.They will be ________ this summer ?
Answer : Presents
Reasion :Reposition + In
20. Will they go ________ this summer ?
Answer : To swim
Reasion : Simple Present
21. The New York police were very anxious ________ about the crime.
Answer : Learn more
Reasion : Because it for Countable
22. Many excited women could ________ at the department store sale.
Answer : Be seen
Reasion : Present Future
23. The sink in the locker room tends to __________.
Answer : Overflow
Reasion : Past Tense
24. How long did the baseball game ________?
Answer : Endure
Reasion : Menentukan berapa lama
25. We must _________ the annual board meeting tomorrow.
Answer : Attend to
Reasion : Present future
- The subway station is _________ here.
Answer : Near to
Reasion : Simple Present
2. When we woke up, everywhere was _________ snow.
Answer : Covered by
Reasion : Menentukan kapan
3. Do earthquakes ________ often in North America ?
Answer : Break out
Reasion : Because it for countable
4. We had better _________ before it begins to rain.
Answer : Leaving
Reasion : Simple Present Tense for question
5. A large crowd _________ in front of the train station.
Answer : To gather
Reasion : Asking the feel of new condition
6. In winter, driving accidents occur quite _______ on the highways.
Answer : Many
Reasion : Past Tense
7. Would you like to _________ to the United States ?
Answer : Voyage
Reasion : Present Future
8. Most people at some stage have a feeling________.
Answer : Responsibility
Reasion : In Beded question
9. This stadium can hold _________.
Answer : A large audience
Reasion : Present Future
10. When the mountain forests ________, there can be large forest fires.
Answer : Becoming dry
Reasion : V+V1+adj come after subject
11. “What kind of work are you doing for that company?”
“I’m ________ as an administrator.”
Answer : Employed
Reasion : V+ being employed
12. “I don’t want to buy anything, do you?”
“Yes , I’d like to buy __________ “
Answer : Some pencils
Reasion : Put in positive sentences
13.We can _________ sports on Saturday if you’d like.
Answer : Has
Reasion : Comes after modal auxiliary
14.__________ the hotel rooms are reserved throughout peak season.
Answer : Almost of
Reasion : Identify amount of things
15. “ Where did you work before?”
“I worked only minutes ________ railroad track.”
Answer : From the
Reasion : Menentukan dimana
16. “I don’t think it will rain at all today, do you?”
“ No , I _________ so.”
Answer : Do think not
Reasion : Some kind of Indirect Speech
17. We have only another five minutes. I think we _________.
Answer : Be hurry
Reasion : Menentukan kami
18. Many fans showed up at the stadium. They were _______ the big game.
Answer : Anxious to see
Reasion : Menentukan berapa banyak
19. “Who did you meet at the community dinner dance?”
“ I met many ________ people.”
Answer : Celebration
Reation : Reposition In
20. “John isn’t sure that the meeting will be held tomorrow.”
“I met many ________ people.”
Answer : Am certainly
Reasion : Past Tense
21. My brother loves to watch baseball ; I ___________ basketball.
Answer : Preferring to watch
Reasion : Prefer+to V1
22. Many people are waiting for the news bulletin. It will ___________ soon.
Answer : Circulate around
Reasion : Simple Present
23. I think our guests will __________.
Answer : Shortly be here
Reasion : Come after will
24. Who ____________ when John is likely to turn up.
Answer : Do know
Reasion : Present future
25. The managers are ___________ a new work schedule now.
Answer : Arranging up
Reasion : Simple Present
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